. Der Vogel; seine Form und Funktion . ile singend, sollte er auf einem Lauf am Abend auf ebenem Boden beginnen, würde er sofort erschöpft werden.der Apparat, der einer Ente den Wind gibt, um einen Schnellzug auszuziehen, Und zu einem Mockingbird Anmerkungen, die uns wie durch ein moti] der großen Oper verzauben, ist mostinteresting und in seinen allgemeinen Schemata so leicht zu verstehen, wie es im Betrieb wirksam ist. Die Luftröhre oder die Luftröhre schauen in den Schnabel eines Spatzen oder einer Taube und direkt auf der Rückseite der Zunge, auf dem Boden des Mundes, ist ein schmaler Schlitz sichtbar – die Glottis oder Öffnung der Windrohre. In der klaffenden Gelbmute

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. The bird; its form and function . ile singing, he should start on a run evenon level ground, he would become exhausted at once.The apparatus which gives to a duck the wind to out-strip an express train, and to a Mockingbird notes whichhold us spellbound as by a moti] of grand opera, is mostinteresting, and as easy to understand in its general schemeas it is effective in operation. The Trachea, or Windpipe Look into the beak of a sparrow or pigeon and directlyback of the tongue, on the floor ofthe mouth, a narrow slit is visible—the glottis, or opening of thewindpipe. In the gaping yellowmouth of a nestling robin thismay be seen to excellent advan-tage, and watched as it widens andnarrows with each breath. Butgive the young bird a mouthfulof food, and this air-passage closesinstantly and remains so until alldanger of an intruding substanceis past. No matter how suddenlyyou may eject a stream of waterfrom a medicine-dropper into thebirds mouth, reflex action willanticipate the danger of choking and close the aperture.. Fig. 120—Open glottis ofa Pelican. The Breath of a Bird 167 The swollen rim of this opening suffices to close it, andthere is no elaborate trap-door arrangement as in mam-mals, only a few backwardly directed fleshy points-Birds have no trace of an *Adams apple. The vocalchords and other adjuncts to the voice of mammalsare entirely absent in birds, not a single note or songbeing produced in the upperthroat. Passing down the neckfrom this orifice is the wind-pipe, which follows thecourse of the oesophagus, orfood canal, passes to oneside of the crop and be-tween the two branches ofthe wish-bone, and finallydivides into two equal partscalled bronchi, which carrythe air directly to the lungs. Comparison of the twotubes which traverse thethroat and neck of birds shows them to be very differentin appearance and structure, and consideration of theirrespective functions gives us the key to this dissimilarity.The only occasion for the oesophagus to open is

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• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1900
• bookyear1906
• bücherubjektvögel