Syrien: Nestorianischer Text in syrischer Schrift, c. 5. Jahrhundert CE. Nestorius entwickelte seine christologischen Ansichten als Versuch, rational zu erklären und zu verstehen, die Inkarnation des göttlichen Logos, die zweite Person der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit als der Mann Jesus Christus. Er hatte an der Schule von Antiochien studiert, wo sein Mentor Theodore von Mopsuestia gewesen war; Theodore und andere Theologen von Antiochia hatten lange Zeit eine literalistische Interpretation der Bibel gelehrt und die Besonderheit der menschlichen und göttlichen Natur Jesu betont. Nestorius nahm seine Antiochene Neigungen mit ihm, als er ernannt wurde Patriarch.

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• Aufnahmedatum: 7. Juni 2011
• Fotograf: Pictures From History

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Nestorius developed his Christological views as an attempt to rationally explain and understand the incarnation of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity as the man Jesus Christ. He had studied at the School of Antioch where his mentor had been Theodore of Mopsuestia; Theodore and other Antioch theologians had long taught a literalist interpretation of the Bible and stressed the distinctiveness of the human and divine natures of Jesus. Nestorius took his Antiochene leanings with him when he was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople by Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II in 428. Nestorius' teachings became the root of controversy when he publicly challenged the long-used title Theotokos (Mother of God) for the Virgin Mary. He suggested that the title denied Christ's full humanity, arguing instead that Jesus had two loosely joined natures, the divine Logos and the human Jesus. As such he proposed Christotokos (Mother of Christ) as a more suitable title for Mary. Nestorius' opponents found his teaching too close to the heresy of adoptionism – the idea that Christ had been born a man who had later been "adopted" as God's son. Nestorius was especially criticized by Cyril, Pope (Patriarch) of Alexandria, who argued that Nestorius' teachings undermined the unity of Christ's divine and human natures at the Incarnation. Nestorius himself always insisted that his views were orthodox, though they were deemed heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, leading to the Nestorian Schism, when churches supportive of Nestorius broke away from the rest of the Christian Church.

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